Music Lesson on What is an Octave?

An Octave is one of the most fundamental principles that relates to how music is written, composed, and perceived.

All music you hear on the radio or on TV uses octave relationships in the melodies and harmonies that it is composed of, and the concept of dividing the octave into 5ths, 4ths, 3rds and finally whole and half steps has been around for centuries. It's the basic of what we call the tonal system of western music.

In this lesson, we will cover the basics of what you should know about how the Octave is used in music. 
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However, to best talk about octaves, we should cover what pitches and intervals are first.

What is Pitch?
When we play a note on an instrument or sing a note, that produces a sound. 

We can define that sound by a few different criteria, like how loud it is, how long it is, and what the pitch is. 

Pitch is just another word for the frequency of a note, or how “low” or “high” the note is. All frequencies, have "overtones".  The very first overtone above the fundamental (which is the basic note) is an Octave. The piano keyboard is also laid out in Octaves, i.e. if you look at the basic piano you will see a pattern of two black keys and 3 black keys. That pattern continues up and down the keyboard. That pattern is what is easily visual on the piano and divides up the various 8 octaves of the piano. 

If we hear a note that sounds like a baby’s cry, that would be a high-pitched note. 
On the other hand, a rumbling sound like thunder or train wheels would have a low pitch. 
​A note sounds higher or lower than another if it has a higher pitch, or frequency, than the other note. 

What is an Interval? ​
Now that we know what pitch is, we can discuss intervals.

An interval occurs when two notes – notes with different pitches – are played at the same time, and the interval is the distance in pitch between the two notes.

If two notes produce a really big interval when played together, then their pitches are really far apart, and if the interval between the notes is small, then they’re close together. 

There are many different names for all of the intervals. The smallest interval (shown on the right side of the picture above) is called a “semitone”, or “half step”. 

If you put two semitones together, you get a “tone”, or “whole step”. 
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Other intervals are given numbers as names, such as a “third”, “sixth”, “eleventh”, and so on. 

​This brings us to the octave.

What is an Octave? 
An Octave is a very unique interval. 

It is the interval between two notes, in which one of the notes has a pitch that is exactly double the pitch of the other note.

Pitch, as we said before, is another word for frequency, and we can define a note by giving its frequency as a number.

So, say for example that we have a note with a frequency of 220 Hz.
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We can call it A (in fact, the note with that frequency is an A). 

If we want to produce another note that will create an octave interval with the A, we have to either double that number – 440 Hz – or cut that number in half – 110 Hz. 

Therefore, if we have two notes, one with a pitch of 220 Hz and the other with a pitch of 440 Hz, then those two notes create an octave: 

You can also have notes that are two or three octaves away from each other. 

For example, the note with a 110 Hz pitch and the note with a 440 Hz pitch are two octaves away, because you have to double 110 twice to get 440.

We can then determine the octaves above 440 by doubling (880, 1720, etc.), and the octave below 110 by cutting it in half (55). 

Octaves are sometimes heard as basically the “same” note – like if a man and a woman are told to sing a “C”, they will most likely sing C’s an octave apart. 
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However, it still sounds like they’re singing the same note, because they sound so similar.

Summing Up
To sum up, the octave is one of the most common and easily-identified intervals in music. 
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Each instance of the same note (but different pitch) on a piano or guitar occurs as an octave, and each octave doubles the frequency of the one before it.

If you're interested in taking lessons on Zoom or In Person in Burbank, Glendale or North Hollywood, please contact us at (818)902-1233 or on our website at https://www.losangelesmusicteachers.com/online-piano-lessons-in-burbank-ca.html​

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